{"id":142967,"date":"2022-06-17T23:02:49","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T21:02:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/council-of-europe\/convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights\/protocol-no1\/"},"modified":"2026-03-02T02:14:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T01:14:24","slug":"protocol-no1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/council-of-europe\/convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights\/protocol-no1\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocol No. 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"
\r\n
The text of the Protocol is presented as amended by the provisions of Protocol No. 11 as from its entry into force on 1 November 1998.<\/div>\r\n
Only the English<\/a> and French<\/a> versions of the Protocol are authentic.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Expand all<\/a> Collapse all<\/a><\/div>\r\n
\r\n
<\/span>Signature, Ratification, Entry into force, Reservations, Declarations, Denunciations, Derogations, Territorial application: notificatons, Communications<\/span><\/div>
\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
State<\/th>\r\nSignature<\/th>\r\nRatification<\/th>\r\nEntry into force<\/th>\r\nReservations<\/th>\r\nDeclarations, Denunciations, Derogations<\/th>\r\nTerritorial application: notificatons<\/th>\r\nCommunications<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Albania<\/td>\r\n02\/10\/1996<\/td>\r\n02\/10\/1996<\/td>\r\n02\/10\/1996<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Andorra<\/td>\r\n31\/05\/2007<\/td>\r\n06\/05\/2008<\/td>\r\n06\/05\/2008<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Armenia<\/td>\r\n25\/01\/2001<\/td>\r\n26\/04\/2002<\/td>\r\n26\/04\/2002<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Austria<\/td>\r\n13\/12\/1957<\/td>\r\n03\/09\/1958<\/td>\r\n03\/09\/1958<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Azerbaijan<\/td>\r\n25\/01\/2001<\/td>\r\n15\/04\/2002<\/td>\r\n15\/04\/2002<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Belgium<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n14\/06\/1955<\/td>\r\n14\/06\/1955<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/td>\r\n24\/04\/2002<\/td>\r\n12\/07\/2002<\/td>\r\n12\/07\/2002<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bulgaria<\/td>\r\n07\/05\/1992<\/td>\r\n07\/09\/1992<\/td>\r\n07\/09\/1992<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Croatia<\/td>\r\n06\/11\/1996<\/td>\r\n05\/11\/1997<\/td>\r\n05\/11\/1997<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cyprus<\/td>\r\n16\/12\/1961<\/td>\r\n06\/10\/1962<\/td>\r\n06\/10\/1962<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Czechia<\/td>\r\n21\/02\/19911<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n18\/03\/19921<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n01\/01\/1993<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Denmark<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n13\/04\/1953<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Estonia<\/td>\r\n14\/05\/1993<\/td>\r\n16\/04\/1996<\/td>\r\n16\/04\/1996<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Finland<\/td>\r\n05\/05\/1989<\/td>\r\n10\/05\/1990<\/td>\r\n10\/05\/1990<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
France<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n03\/05\/1974<\/td>\r\n03\/05\/1974<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Georgia<\/td>\r\n17\/06\/1999<\/td>\r\n07\/06\/2002<\/td>\r\n07\/06\/2002<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Germany<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n13\/02\/19572<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n13\/02\/1957<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Greece<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n28\/11\/19743<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n28\/11\/19743<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hungary<\/td>\r\n06\/11\/1990<\/td>\r\n05\/11\/1992<\/td>\r\n05\/11\/1992<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Iceland<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n29\/06\/1953<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ireland<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n25\/02\/1953<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Italy<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n26\/10\/1955<\/td>\r\n26\/10\/1955<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Latvia<\/td>\r\n21\/03\/1997<\/td>\r\n27\/06\/1997<\/td>\r\n27\/06\/1997<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Liechtenstein<\/td>\r\n07\/05\/1987<\/td>\r\n14\/11\/1995<\/td>\r\n14\/11\/1995<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lithuania<\/td>\r\n14\/05\/1993<\/td>\r\n24\/05\/1996<\/td>\r\n24\/05\/1996<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Luxembourg<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n03\/09\/1953<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Malta<\/td>\r\n12\/12\/1966<\/td>\r\n23\/01\/1967<\/td>\r\n23\/01\/1967<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Monaco<\/td>\r\n05\/10\/2004<\/td>\r\nno<\/td>\r\nno<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Montenegro<\/td>\r\n03\/04\/20034<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n03\/03\/20044<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n06\/06\/2006<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Netherlands<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n31\/08\/1954<\/td>\r\n31\/08\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
North Macedonia<\/td>\r\n14\/06\/1996<\/td>\r\n10\/04\/1997<\/td>\r\n10\/04\/1997<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Norway<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n18\/12\/1952<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Poland<\/td>\r\n14\/09\/1992<\/td>\r\n10\/10\/1994<\/td>\r\n10\/10\/1994<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Portugal<\/td>\r\n22\/09\/1976<\/td>\r\n09\/11\/1978<\/td>\r\n09\/11\/1978<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Moldova<\/td>\r\n02\/05\/1996<\/td>\r\n12\/09\/1997<\/td>\r\n12\/09\/1997<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Romania<\/td>\r\n04\/11\/1993<\/td>\r\n20\/06\/1994<\/td>\r\n20\/06\/1994<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Russia<\/td>\r\n28\/02\/1996<\/td>\r\n05\/05\/1998<\/td>\r\n05\/05\/19985<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
San Marino<\/td>\r\n01\/03\/1989<\/td>\r\n22\/03\/1989<\/td>\r\n22\/03\/1989<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Serbia<\/td>\r\n03\/04\/20034<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n03\/03\/20044<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n03\/03\/2004<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Slovakia<\/td>\r\n21\/02\/19911<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n18\/03\/19921<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n01\/01\/1993<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Slovenia<\/td>\r\n14\/05\/1993<\/td>\r\n28\/06\/1994<\/td>\r\n28\/06\/1994<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Spain<\/td>\r\n23\/02\/1978<\/td>\r\n27\/11\/1990<\/td>\r\n27\/11\/1990<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sweden<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n22\/06\/1953<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Switzerland<\/td>\r\n19\/05\/1976<\/td>\r\nno<\/td>\r\nno<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
T\u00fcrkiye<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ukraine<\/td>\r\n19\/12\/1996<\/td>\r\n11\/09\/1997<\/td>\r\n11\/09\/1997<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
United Kingdom<\/td>\r\n20\/03\/1952<\/td>\r\n03\/11\/1952<\/td>\r\n18\/05\/1954<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n[eng<\/a>] [fre<\/a>]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

1<\/sup> Dates of signature and ratification by the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.<\/p>\r\n

2<\/sup> Ratification by Saarland 14\/01\/1953 \u2013 Saarland became an integral part of Germany on 01\/01\/1957.<\/p>\r\n

3<\/sup> First ratification: 28\/03\/1953. Denunciation with effect on 13\/06\/1970.<\/p>\r\n

4<\/sup> Dates of signature and ratification by the state union of Serbia and Montenegro.<\/p>\r\n

5<\/sup> In accordance with Resolution CM\/Res(2022)3 adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 23\/03\/2022, the Russian Federation ceases to be a Party to Treaty ETS No. 5 on 16\/09\/2022. Accordingly, the Russian Federation ceases to be a Party to the Protocol also on 16\/09\/2022.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

ETS (STE) No. 9<\/p>\r\n

Protocol to the Convention<\/span> for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms<\/span><\/h1>\r\n

Paris, 20.III.1952<\/p>\r\n

<\/span>

Preamble<\/h2><\/div>
\r\n

The Governments signatory hereto, being members of the Council of Europe,<\/p>\r\n

Being resolved to take steps to ensure the collective enforcement of certain rights and freedoms other than those already included in Section I of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms<\/a> signed at Rome on 4 November 1950 (hereinafter referred to as \u2018the Convention\u2019),<\/p>\r\n

Have agreed as follows:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

<\/span>

Article 1
\r\nProtection of property<\/h2><\/div>
\r\n

Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.<\/p>\r\n

The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

<\/span>

Article 2
\r\nRight to education<\/h2><\/div>
\r\n

No person shall be denied the right to education. In the exercise of any functions which it assumes in relation to education and to teaching, the State shall respect the right of parents to ensure such education and teaching in conformity with their own religious and philosophical convictions.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

<\/span>

Article 3
\r\nRight to free elections<\/h2><\/div>
\r\n

The High Contracting Parties undertake to hold free elections at reasonable intervals by secret ballot, under conditions which will ensure the free expression of the opinion of the people in the choice of the legislature.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

<\/span>

Article 4
\r\nTerritorial application<\/h2><\/div>
\r\n

Any High Contracting Party may at the time of signature or ratification or at any time thereafter communicate to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe a declaration stating the extent to which it undertakes that the provisions of the present Protocol shall apply to such of the territories for the international relations of which it is responsible as are named therein.<\/p>\r\n

Any High Contracting Party which has communicated a declaration in virtue of the preceding paragraph may from time to time communicate a further declaration modifying the terms of any former declaration or terminating the application of the provisions of this Protocol in respect of any territory.<\/p>\r\n

A declaration made in accordance with this Article shall be deemed to have been made in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 56 of the Convention<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

<\/span>

Article 5
\r\nRelationship to the Convention<\/h2><\/div>
\r\n

As between the High Contracting Parties the provisions of Articles 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this Protocol shall be regarded as additional Articles to the Convention<\/a> and all the provisions of the Convention shall apply accordingly.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n

<\/span>

Article 6
\r\nSignature and ratification<\/h2><\/div>
\r\n

This Protocol shall be open for signature by the members of the Council of Europe, who are the signatories of the Convention<\/a>; it shall be ratified at the same time as or after the ratification of the Convention. It shall enter into force after the deposit of ten instruments of ratification. As regards any signatory ratifying subsequently, the Protocol shall enter into force at the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification.<\/p>\r\n

The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, who will notify all members of the names of those who have ratified.<\/p>\r\n

Done at Paris on the 20th day of March 1952, in English<\/a> and French<\/a>, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General shall transmit certified copies to each of the signatory governments.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The text of the Protocol is presented as amended by the provisions of Protocol No. 11 as from its entry into force on 1 November 1998. Only the English and French versions of the...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180784,"parent":40477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142967","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142967"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":224315,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142967\/revisions\/224315"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}