{"id":232005,"date":"2026-06-22T13:48:37","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T11:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/?page_id=232005"},"modified":"2026-06-23T15:55:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T13:55:58","slug":"2023-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/decision-excerpts\/2023-4\/","title":{"rendered":"CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ccf-decision-meta\">\n<p><strong>Tags:<\/strong> Purpose of the notice or data; Description of criminal activities; Political character<br \/><strong>Decision:<\/strong> Compliant<br \/><strong>Data type:<\/strong> Red Notice<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"u-text-center\">Decision of the Commission<br \/>Requests Chamber<\/h1>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">Request concerning Aaa BBB<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">(Ref. CCF\/xxx)<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">xxx session<br \/>[date]<\/p>\n<p>The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files (the Commission), sitting as the Requests Chamber, composed of:<\/p>\n<p>xxx<br \/>Members,<\/p>\n<p>Having deliberated during its xxx session, on [date], delivered the following Decision.<\/p>\n<div class=\"betweendivs\"><a class=\"mybutton blue\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"openall();event.preventDefault();\">Expand all<\/a> <a class=\"mybutton blue\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"closeall();event.preventDefault();\">Collapse all<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim h-toaccordion includetocloseall\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall\" data-anchor=\"section-i\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>I. Procedure<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>1. On [date], Mr Aaa BBB (the Applicant), lodged a request for the deletion of the information concerning him registered in INTERPOL\u2019s files. On [date], the Commission found the request admissible as per <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/operating-rules\/#rule-30\" title=\"Rule 30 of the Operating Rules of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files\">Rule 30 of its Operating Rules<\/a> and informed the Applicant thereof.<\/p>\n<p>2. As no data concerning the Applicant were registered in INTERPOL\u2019s files at the time of the request, the Commission coordinated with INTERPOL General Secretariat (IPSG) to address the concerns submitted by the Applicant.<\/p>\n<p>3. On [date], the INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) of CCC requested the publication of a Red Notice for the Applicant\u2019s arrest in view of extradition. IPSG blocked the access to the data recorded in INTERPOL\u2019s files by INTERPOL member countries and decided to take no further action in this case. On [date], IPSG informed the Commission thereof, and provided its preliminary assessment.<\/p>\n<p>4. After consultation of the NCB of CCC, in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/statute\/#article-34\" title=\"Article 34 of the Statute of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files\">Article 34(1) of the Statute of the Commission<\/a>, it informed the Applicant on [date], of the NCB\u2019s request for police cooperation, and provided the information described in paragraphs <a href=\"#section-ii\" title=\"Section II of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">8<\/a> and <a href=\"#section-ii\" title=\"Section II of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">9<\/a> below<\/p>\n<p>5. During the study of the Applicant\u2019s case, the Commission consulted the NCBs of CCC and DDD, and IPSG in accordance with Article 34(1) and (2) of the Statute of the Commission, on the arguments set forth in the request.<\/p>\n<p>6. Both the Applicant and the NCB source of the challenged data were informed of the fact that the Commission would study the case during its xxx session.<\/p>\n<p>7. Further to <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/statute\/#article-35\" title=\"Article 35 of the Statute of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files\">Article 35(3) of the Statute of the Commission<\/a>, restrictions were applied to certain information in the Decision.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-ii\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>II. Data Recorded in INTERPOL\u2019s Files<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>8. The Applicant, a national of CCC, is the subject of a request for the publication of a Red Notice, by the NCB of CCC for \u2018[\u2026] fraud\u2019 on the basis of an arrest warrant issued on [date], by CCC.<\/p>\n<p>9. The facts of the case state the following: \u2018[\u2026].\u2019<\/p>\n<p>10. The NCB has not requested the publication of an extract of the Notice on the INTERPOL public website.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-iii\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>III. The Applicant\u2019s Submissions<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>11. The Applicant requested the deletion of the data concerning him, contending, in essence that:<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-indent-1\">a) the purpose of the Notice cannot be achieved;<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-indent-1\">b) the case is of a predominantly political character;<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-indent-1\">c) the data lack a clear description of criminal involvement; and<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-indent-1\">d) there are some irregularities in the proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-iv\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>IV. Applicable Legal Framework<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>12. The Commission considers the following applicable legal framework.<\/p>\n<div class=\"u-indent-1\">12.1. Field of competence of the Commission:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-36\" title=\"Article 36 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 36 of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a>,<\/li>\n<li>Articles <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/statute\/#article-3\" title=\"Article 3 of the Statute of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files\">3(1)(a)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/statute\/#article-33\" title=\"Article 33 of the Statute of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files\">33(3)<\/a> of the Statute of the Commission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"u-indent-1\">12.2. Compliance with human rights and protective status:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-2\" title=\"Article 2 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 2(1) of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a>,<\/li>\n<li>Articles <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-5\" title=\"Article 5 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">5(2)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-11\" title=\"Article 11 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">11(1)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-34\" title=\"Article 34 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">34(1)<\/a>, 34(3), and <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-86\" title=\"Article 86 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">86<\/a> of the INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data (RPD),<\/li>\n<li>The INTERPOL General Assembly Resolution (ref. AGN\/2017\/86\/RES\/09) on INTERPOL\u2019s policy on refugees,<\/li>\n<li>Several international and regional human rights instruments establish the right of individuals who hold a protective status to be protected against forcible return or refoulement to their country of origin, including the following:<\/li>\n<li>the <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/un\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\/\" title=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\">Universal Declaration of Human Rights<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/un\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\/#article-14\" title=\"Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights\">Article 14.1<\/a>),<\/li>\n<li>the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugee (Article 33.1),<\/li>\n<li>the <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/un\/convention-against-torture\/\" title=\"Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment\">Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/un\/convention-against-torture\/#article-3\" title=\"Article 3 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment\">Article 3<\/a>),<\/li>\n<li>the <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/un\/covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights\/#article-7\" title=\"Article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Article 7)<\/a>,<\/li>\n<li>the <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/council-of-europe\/convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights\/\" title=\"Convention for the Protection of Human Rights\">European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/council-of-europe\/convention-for-the-protection-of-human-rights\/#article-3\" title=\"Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights\">Article 3<\/a>),<\/li>\n<li>the American Convention on Human Rights (Article 22), etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"u-indent-1\">12.3. Purpose and Extradition issues:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-31\" title=\"Article 31 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 31 of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Articles <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-10\" title=\"Article 10 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">10<\/a>, 34(1), <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-81\" title=\"Article 81 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">81<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-82\" title=\"Article 82 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">82<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-84\" title=\"Article 84 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">84(b)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-87\" title=\"Article 87 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">87(b)<\/a> of the RPD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"u-indent-1\">12.4. Matters of political character:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-3\" title=\"Article 3 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 3 of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a>,<\/li>\n<li>Article 34 of the RPD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"u-indent-1\">12.5. Clear description of criminal involvement:<\/div>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li>Article 10(2)(a), <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-12\" title=\"Article 12 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">12<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-35\" title=\"Article 35 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">35(1)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-83\" title=\"Article 83 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">83<\/a> of the RPD,<\/li>\n<li>IPSG standards for the application of the RPD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>V. Analysis of the Case<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>13. For an appropriate study of the case, the Commission decided first to study under <a href=\"#section-v-a\" title=\"Section V.A of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">point A<\/a> the question of the purpose of the data and under <a href=\"#section-v-b\" title=\"Section V.B of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">point B below<\/a> the related issues of the political nature of the proceedings, the possible lack of criminal elements and existence of procedural irregularities since they are interdependent and rely on the same factual allegations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"su-spoiler-title ec-fake-spoiler-heading u-indent-1\" id=\"section-v-a\">A. Purpose of the Data<\/h3>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-a\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>a) Submission of the Applicant<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>14. The Applicant explained that he received a protective status in DDD. On this basis, he requested the application of the INTERPOL policy on refugees and asylum seekers and the deletion the data processed by CCC concerning him in INTERPOL\u2019s files.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-b\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>b) Submissions of the NCB of CCC (NCB source of the Data)<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>15. The NCB of CCC did not report that the Applicant\u2019s location was known to CCC national authorities.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-c\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>c) Information From the NCB of DDD<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>16. The NCB reported that the Applicant did not apply for asylum in DDD. He is in possession of a fictional decree for a residence permit as a person that reportedly fled from the EEE to DDD. The residence permit does not award the same protection or status as an asylum or refugee status.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-d\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>d) Findings of the Commission<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>17. According to Articles <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-10\" title=\"Article 10 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">10(1)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-12\" title=\"Article 12 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">12(1)<\/a> of the RPD, the processing of data in INTERPOL\u2019s files may only be carried out for a given, explicit purpose.<\/p>\n<p>18. With regards to the Applicant\u2019s status in DDD, the legal framework outlined in <a href=\"#section-iv\" title=\"Section IV of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">paragraph 12.2<\/a> applies. This means that when an Applicant is wanted in view of extradition to his country of origin, and has been granted a status that protects against refoulement, the purpose for which the data have been registered cannot be achieved as the purpose of a Red Notice or Diffusion is not only to locate a person, but also to request his provisional arrest in view of extradition.<\/p>\n<p>19. From the information available, the Applicant does not hold a status in DDD that protects him from refoulement to CCC, or any other country. The Commission is thus unable to apply the Refugee policy in this case and continues to assess the Applicant\u2019s other arguments.<\/p>\n<p>20. Finally, the Commission considers that the purpose of a Red Notice is not only to locate a person, but also to request his provisional arrest in view of extradition (<a href=\"#section-iv\" title=\"Section IV of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">paragraph 12.3<\/a>). To date the Red Notice has not been published, and no INTERPOL Member country is aware of the NCB\u2019s request for a Red Notice. Therefore, the Commission cannot consider, at this stage, that the publication of the Red Notice would not be in compliance with its stated purpose, in that it may still lead to actual judicial cooperation, and be of interest for the purpose of international police cooperation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"su-spoiler-title ec-fake-spoiler-heading u-indent-1\" id=\"section-v-b\">B. Political Character, Procedural Issues and Criminal Involvement<\/h3>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-b-a\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>a) Submissions of the Applicant<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>21. The Applicant claimed that the case against him was opened on political motives as he strongly opposes the CCC foreign policy. For this reason, he has not been back to CCC since [date], when [\u2026]. He added that, should he be returned to CCC, he would fall under the category of citizens who must be [\u2026]. Moreover, he provided the copy of an identity document demonstrating he is also an EEE national.<\/p>\n<p>22. He submitted that as an entrepreneur and member and founder of several companies, some of which are no longer active, he had some business with CCC. However, he was neither a founder nor an employee and had no relation with [\u2026]. This is confirmed by the data of the CCC tax services which are publicly available. He argued that there are no sufficient elements to implicate him in any criminal act, and no indication of the exact time and place of the alleged criminal acts, the form or motive of his crime, or its goal.<\/p>\n<p>23. He complained of procedural irregularities in this case such as the fact that he was never notified of the proceedings against him while he was living in CCC. He stated there is no decision to initiate a criminal case against him, but rather he was listed as an unidentified person in the decision to initiate the criminal case of [date]. Because of this he could not appeal any actions taken by the investigation during that time, which is contrary to the CCC Constitution and Article [date] of the CCC Criminal Procedure Code.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-b-b\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>b) Submissions of the NCB of CCC<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>24. The NCB confirmed the validity of the proceedings and arrest warrant. It stated that the investigation was not initiated on political grounds but based on an ordinary criminal act, not the Applicant\u2019s political views. Addressing the question of [\u2026].<\/p>\n<p>25. Regarding the Applicant\u2019s notification, the NCB reported that he was not named in the criminal case when it was initiated on [date]. He was therefore not notified. His involvement came to light during the preliminary investigation between [date] and [date]. As soon as there was sufficient evidence to charge him under Article [\u2026] of the CCC Criminal Code a decision was made to \u2018involve [him] as an accused.\u2019 From that moment on, he was able to obtain the information the case and appeal decisions [\u2026].<\/p>\n<p>26. On [date], he was called by the investigator for interrogation. He refused to appear at the investigation department to participate in the investigative actions, explaining that he was afraid of being prosecuted for the acts he committed. The Applicant\u2019s father, [\u2026] mother [\u2026] and wife [\u2026] were also notified he was required to appear.<\/p>\n<p>27. On [date], he was notified by the investigator of the decision of involving him as accused of committing a crime under Article [date] of the CCC Criminal Code. The decision was sent in written format to his personal phone number, and to the addresses of his registration and residence. Once again, he did not appear on the required date [\u2026]. The Applicant\u2019s mandate d representative, [\u2026] was also notified of the specified charge, and a copy of this decision was delivered to her. The [date] judicial decision which serves as the underlying arrest warrant for the Red Notice was appealed by the Applicant. On [date], the CCC Court confirmed the validity of the arrest warrant.<\/p>\n<p>28. Turning to the Applicant\u2019s criminal involvement, the NCB reported that he was involved in a pyramid type scheme, where he defrauded at least [\u2026] individuals by promising a high return on investment of their funds, and the payments were made at the expense of new arrivals, until new funds were no longer received.<\/p>\n<p>29. He was the organizer and the leader of an organized criminal group that acted in a cohesive and coordinated manner, led the actions of five accomplices, as well as the actions of persons \u2013 employees of organizations included in [\u2026], whom he tricked into committing actions aimed at embezzling [\u2026]. He personally took decisions to involve accomplices and gave mandatory instructions. He also took decisions to create, acquire and liquidate legal entities used to embezzle funds, and he personally determined how the stolen funds would be spent.<\/p>\n<p>30. The alleged criminal acts started in [date] and continued until [date]. They did not come to light earlier because from [date] to [date], the Applicant contacted the victims to convince them that they would receive their funds, while he knew it was not possible as they had already been spent by his accomplices and him.<\/p>\n<p>31. The NCB acknowledged that according to the data of [\u2026], the Applicant is not the founder or employee of [\u2026]. However, during the entire period of the crime, he was its actual leader and the person who made decisions on all financial and economic matters by giving instructions to the heads of [\u2026].<\/p>\n<p>32. It explained that one part of the embezzled funds received by [\u2026] was withdrawn, in cash, [\u2026] and delivered to the Applicant. He then redistributed the funds. The other part of the funds was first deposited into the settlement account [\u2026], and transferred to the settlement accounts of legal entities controlled by the Applicant and his accomplices. The funds were once again transferred, this time to nominal accounts of the Applicant and his accomplices.<\/p>\n<p>33. The amount of the embezzled funds [\u2026], is based on the financial documentation submitted by [\u2026]: contracts, receipt and expense cash orders, and extracts on bank settlement accounts, the testimony of the victims and the conclusion of an accounting forensic examination. The Applicant personally benefitted as, with these embezzled funds, he bought two apartments in CCC, as well as other residential buildings and a land plot, for a value of at least [\u2026].<\/p>\n<p>34. His involvement is clearly established by [\u2026] accounting forensic examinations, [\u2026] financial and analytical forensic examinations, the testimony of [\u2026] of his accomplices and of [\u2026] employees or legal entities involved in the criminal activities, as well as objects and documents seized during the searches or given voluntarily by witnesses or victims, including banking organizations and the CCC [\u2026]. They all confirm that the Applicant held the leading role in the activities of [\u2026] and was its actual manager.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-b-c\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>c) Findings of the Commission<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>35. The Commission examines the question of the political nature of the proceedings and applies the predominance test to determine whether the offense is of a predominantly political character. In doing so it relies on the rule reflected in <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-34\" title=\"Article 34 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 34(3) of the RPD<\/a> requiring the analysis of all relevant factors, which the following are key in the present case:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li>the status of the person concerned;<\/li>\n<li>the nature of the offense, namely the charges and underlying facts, and thus the Applicant\u2019s involvement in the facts;<\/li>\n<li>the general context of the case, including his claim that he would be at risk if extradited to CCC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>36. The Applicant is not a politician or former politician; however, he is an EEE national who reportedly strongly opposes the CCC foreign policy.<\/p>\n<p>37. The offense as described in the Red Notice request and the judicial documents provided (\u2018[\u2026] fraud\u2019) are defined under the relevant criminal law provisions submitted by the NCB of CCC, and can be considered as a piori of an ordinary law nature. Under Articles <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-35\" title=\"Article 35 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">35<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-83\" title=\"Article 83 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">83<\/a> of the RPD, and other IPSG standards found in <a href=\"#section-iv\" title=\"Section IV of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">paragraph 12.5<\/a> above, the publication of the present Red Notice requires the provision of facts that link the wanted individual to the charges against him, and a clear description of the criminal activities in which he is accused.<\/p>\n<p>38. The Applicant alleged that he committed no wrongdoing and had no relation with [\u2026] (<a href=\"#section-v-b-a\" title=\"Section V.B.a of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">paragraph 22<\/a>). The NCB presented several elements confirming the Applicant\u2019s possible involvement in the criminal acts held against him (paragraphs <a href=\"#section-v-b-b\" title=\"Section V.B.b of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">28<\/a> to <a href=\"#section-v-b-b\" title=\"Section V.B.b of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">34<\/a>). It also specified that he personally benefited from the criminal scheme (<a href=\"#section-v-b-b\" title=\"Section V.B.b of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">paragraph 33<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>39. Since the Commission is not empowered to conduct an investigation or to make a determination on the merits of a case, but to control whether the processing of data in INTERPOL\u2019s files meets the applicable legal requirements, it determines that here the concrete elements provided by the NCB of CCC are sufficiently precise and factual to establish the Applicant\u2019s possible involvement in the acts with which he was charged. It also resolves that these acts are of a criminal nature rather than of a commercial or civil character.<\/p>\n<p>40. Turning to the general context of the case, the NCB responded point by point with reasonable answers to the Applicant\u2019s submissions about procedural irregularities and the notification of the proceedings against him (paragraphs <a href=\"#section-v-b-b\" title=\"Section V.B.b of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">25<\/a> to <a href=\"#section-v-b-b\" title=\"Section V.B.b of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">27<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>41. Lastly, the risks faced by the Applicant should he be returned to CCC as set out by him are essentially based on the fact he is an EEE national, the current situation between CCC and EEE, and he stands against CCC foreign policy (<a href=\"#section-v-b-a\" title=\"Section V.B.a of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">paragraph 21<\/a>). This includes the possibility that [\u2026] (<a href=\"#section-v-b-b\" title=\"Section V.B.b of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 4 (2023)\">paragraph 24<\/a>). For the Commission\u2019s assessment, the assertion of general issues linked with a country\u2019s judicial system is not sufficient here to be considered as an <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-2\" title=\"Article 2 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 2<\/a> violation as it does not demonstrate that a flagrant violation of the Applicant\u2019s fundamental human rights would take place as a result of his arrest and extradition in execution of the Red Notice. They may rather constitute potential bars to extradition to be debated before national judges in the context of extradition proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>42. Considering once more its limited fact-finding role, the Commission finds the information provided by the Applicant does not demonstrate that a flagrant violation of his fundamental human rights would take place as a result of his arrest and extradition in execution of the Red Notice.<\/p>\n<p>43. In the absence of additional elements from the Applicant to support his claims, the ordinary law nature of the crime and the likelihood of the Applicant\u2019s involvement are such that the Commission is not able to consider that the case is not compliant with <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-3\" title=\"Article 3 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 3 of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">For these reasons, the Commission<\/p>\n<p>Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL\u2019s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.<\/p>\n<p>Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files<\/p>\n<p>Secretariat to the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script id=\"ec-fake-spoiler-scroll-fix\">\n(function(){\n  if (window.ecFakeSpoilerScrollFixReady) { return; }\n  window.ecFakeSpoilerScrollFixReady = true;\n  function hasClass(node, cls) {\n    if (!node) { return false; }\n    if (!node.classList) { return false; }\n    return node.classList.contains(cls);\n  }\n  function nextSpoiler(fake) {\n    var node = fake.nextElementSibling;\n    while (node) {\n      if (hasClass(node, \"su-spoiler\")) { return node; }\n      node = node.nextElementSibling;\n    }\n    return null;\n  }\n  function spoilerAnchor(spoiler) {\n    if (!spoiler) { return \"\"; }\n    if (spoiler.hasAttribute(\"data-anchor\")) { return spoiler.getAttribute(\"data-anchor\") || \"\"; }\n    if (spoiler.hasAttribute(\"id\")) { return spoiler.getAttribute(\"id\") || \"\"; }\n    return \"\";\n  }\n  function titleFor(spoiler) {\n    if (!spoiler) { return null; }\n    return spoiler.querySelector(\".su-spoiler-title\");\n  }\n  function clickTitle(spoiler) {\n    var title = titleFor(spoiler);\n    if (!title) { return; }\n    title.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent(\"click\", { bubbles: true, cancelable: true, view: window }));\n  }\n  function ensureOpen(spoiler) {\n    if (!spoiler) { return; }\n    if (hasClass(spoiler, \"su-spoiler-closed\")) { clickTitle(spoiler); }\n  }\n  function offsetFor(spoiler) {\n    var value = \"\";\n    if (spoiler) {\n      if (spoiler.hasAttribute(\"data-scroll-offset\")) { value = spoiler.getAttribute(\"data-scroll-offset\") || \"\"; }\n    }\n    var parsed = parseInt(value, 10);\n    if (isNaN(parsed)) { return 50; }\n    return parsed;\n  }\n  function scrollToFake(fake, spoiler) {\n    var y = fake.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - offsetFor(spoiler);\n    window.scrollTo(0, Math.max(0, y));\n  }\n  function handleHash() {\n    var raw = window.location.hash || \"\";\n    if (!raw) { return; }\n    var id = decodeURIComponent(raw.replace(\/^#\/, \"\"));\n    var fake = document.getElementById(id);\n    if (!hasClass(fake, \"ec-fake-spoiler-heading\")) { return; }\n    var spoiler = nextSpoiler(fake);\n    ensureOpen(spoiler);\n    setTimeout(function(){ scrollToFake(fake, spoiler); }, 0);\n  }\n  var headings = document.querySelectorAll(\".ec-fake-spoiler-heading\");\n  var spoilers = document.querySelectorAll(\".su-spoiler\");\n  for (var i = 0; i < headings.length; i += 1) {\n    var heading = headings.item(i);\n    var spoiler = nextSpoiler(heading);\n    spoilerAnchor(spoiler);\n    heading.setAttribute(\"tabindex\", \"0\");\n    heading.addEventListener(\"click\", function(event){\n      event.preventDefault();\n      clickTitle(nextSpoiler(this));\n    });\n    heading.addEventListener(\"keydown\", function(event){\n      if (event.key === \"Enter\") { event.preventDefault(); clickTitle(nextSpoiler(this)); }\n      if (event.key === \" \") { event.preventDefault(); clickTitle(nextSpoiler(this)); }\n    });\n  }\n  window.addEventListener(\"hashchange\", handleHash);\n  if (spoilers.length < 0) { return; }\n  if (document.readyState === \"loading\") {\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", handleHash);\n  } else {\n    handleHash();\n  }\n})();\n<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Tags: Purpose of the notice or data; Description of criminal activities; Political characterDecision: CompliantData type: Red Notice Decision of the CommissionRequests Chamber Request concerning Aaa BBB (Ref. 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