{"id":232072,"date":"2026-06-22T13:50:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T11:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/?page_id=232072"},"modified":"2026-06-23T19:08:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T17:08:29","slug":"2018-16","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/decision-excerpts\/2018-16\/","title":{"rendered":"CCF Decision No. 16 (2018)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ccf-decision-meta\">\n<p><strong>Tags:<\/strong> Purpose of the notice or data; Lawfulness \/ validity of proceedings<br \/><strong>Decision:<\/strong> Compliant<br \/><strong>Data type:<\/strong> Red Notice<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"u-text-center\">Decision of the Commission<\/h1>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">Request concerning [\u2026]<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">(Ref. CCF\/ [\u2026])<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">(106th session, 16\u201319 October 2018)<\/p>\n<p>The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files (the Commission), sitting as the Requests Chamber, composed of:<\/p>\n<p>Vitalie PIRLOG, Chairperson<br \/>Leandro DESPOUY,<br \/>Petr GORODOV,<br \/>Sanna PALO,<br \/>Isaias TRINDADE,<br \/>Members,<\/p>\n<p>Having deliberated in camera during its 106th session, on [\u2026], delivered the following Decision.<\/p>\n<div class=\"betweendivs\"><a class=\"mybutton blue\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"openall();event.preventDefault();\">Expand all<\/a> <a class=\"mybutton blue\" href=\"#\" onclick=\"closeall();event.preventDefault();\">Collapse all<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim h-toaccordion includetocloseall\">\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall\" data-anchor=\"section-i\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>I. Procedure<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>1. On [\u2026], [\u2026] (the Applicant) lodged a complaint addressed to the Commission. Following the submission of all the required documents in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/operating-rules\/#rule-30\" title=\"Rule 30 of the Operating Rules of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files\">Rule 30 of the Operating Rules of the Commission<\/a>, the request was found admissible, and the Commission informed the Applicant thereof on 5 June 2018.<\/p>\n<p>2. In accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/commission-control-files\/statute\/#article-34\" title=\"Article 34 of the Statute of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files\">Article 34(1) of the Statute of the Commission<\/a> (CCF Statute), the National Central Bureau of INTERPOL (NCB) of [\u2026] and INTERPOL General Secretariat (IPSG) were consulted on the arguments set forth in the complaint.<\/p>\n<p>3. On 4 July 2018, the NCB of [\u2026] confirmed the validity of the proceedings and of the arrest warrant, and provided answers to some of the questions raised by the Commission. On [\u2026], the Commission further consulted the NCB of [\u2026], which provided answers regarding a number of questions that had been posed.<\/p>\n<p>4. The Commission informed the Applicant on [\u2026] that he is wanted through INTERPOL\u2019s channels by [\u2026], for the charges of [\u2026], and provided the information described in <a href=\"#section-ii\" title=\"Section II of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 16 (2018)\">paragraph 9<\/a> below.<\/p>\n<p>5. During the study of the Applicant\u2019s case, the Commission consulted the NCB of [\u2026], in accordance with Article 34(2) of the CCF Statute, on arguments set forth in the complaint.<\/p>\n<p>6. Both the Applicant and the NCB source of the data challenged were informed of the fact that the Commission would study the case during its 106th session and invited to share any other information or document with the Commission before [\u2026].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-ii\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>II. Facts<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>7. The Applicant is a national of [\u2026].<\/p>\n<p>8. He is the subject of a Red Notice issued at the request of the NCB of [\u2026] Illegal entrepreneurial activity [\u2026] on the basis of an arrest warrant issued [\u2026]. The Red Notice was issued [\u2026] against the Applicant on the basis of this arrest warrant.<\/p>\n<p>9. The summary of the facts, as recorded in the Red Notice, is the following: [\u2026].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-iii\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>III. The Applicant\u2019s Request<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>10. The Applicant requested the deletion of the data concerning him.<\/p>\n<p>11. He contends in essence that:<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-indent-1\">a) the purpose of the Notice was achieved, as his location is known to [\u2026] authorities;<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-indent-1\">b) [\u2026] authorities failed to request his extradition from [\u2026];<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-indent-1\">c) the proceedings do not respect the principles of due process and human rights \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-2\" title=\"Article 2 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 2 of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-iv\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>IV. Applicable Legal Framework<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>12. General provisions:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-2\" title=\"Article 2 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 2(1) of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a> states that the Organisation should \u2018ensure and promote the widest possible mutual assistance between all criminal police authorities within the limits of the laws existing in the different countries and in the spirit of the <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/un\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\/\" title=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\">Universal Declaration of Human Rights<\/a>\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>13. Purpose of a red notice:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-82\" title=\"Article 82 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 82 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data<\/a> (RPD) states that: \u2018Red notices are published at the request of a National Central Bureau or an international entity with powers of investigation and prosecution in criminal matters in order to seek the location of a wanted person and his\/her detention, arrest or restriction of movement for the purpose of extradition, surrender or similar lawful action\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>14. Extradition:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"u-list-indent\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-31\" title=\"Article 31 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 31 of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a> states that a member country shall do all within its power which is compatible with the legislation of its country to participate diligently in INTERPOL\u2019s activities.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-10\" title=\"Article 10 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 10 of the Rules on the Processing of Data<\/a> (RPD) states that data shall be processed in the INTERPOL Information System for a specific purpose.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-34\" title=\"Article 34 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 34(1)<\/a> requires that processing of data is authorized \u2018pursuant to applicable national laws and international conventions\u2019.<\/li>\n<li>Article 82 of the RPD states that \u2018Red Notices are published (\u2026) in order to seek the location of a wanted person and his\/her detention, arrest or restriction of movement for the purpose of extradition, surrender, or similar lawful action.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-84\" title=\"Article 84 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 84(b) of the RPD<\/a> further states that the requesting National Central Bureau who has asked for the publication of a Red Notice \u2018shall ensure (\u2026) that extradition will be sought upon arrest of the person, in conformity with national laws and\/or the applicable bilateral and multilateral treaties.\u2019<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-87\" title=\"Article 87 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 87(b)<\/a> also states that \u2018The requesting National Central Bureau shall act immediately once it has been informed that the person has been located in another country and, in particular, shall ensure the swift transmission \u2013 within the time limits defined for the case in question \u2013 of data and supporting documents requested by the country where the person was located or by the General Secretariat.\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h2>V. Findings<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>15. In reviewing the issues raised, the Commission based its findings on information provided by the Applicant, the NCBs concerned and INTERPOL\u2019s General Secretariat.<\/p>\n<p>16. The Commission assesses the Applicant\u2019s contentions in the order in which they are described in <a href=\"#section-ii\" title=\"Section II of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 16 (2018)\">paragraph 9<\/a> above.<\/p>\n<p>17. For an appropriate study of the case, the Commission decided to study together under <a href=\"#section-v-a\" title=\"Section V.A of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 16 (2018)\">point A below<\/a> the related issues of whether the purpose of the Red Notice was achieved and the lack of an extradition request, since they are interdependent and rely on the same factual allegations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"su-spoiler-title ec-fake-spoiler-heading u-indent-1\" id=\"section-v-a\">A. The Purpose of the Red Notice and the Lack of Extradition Request<\/h3>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-a\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>a) The Applicant<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>18. The Applicant claims that his location has been known to the [\u2026] authorities since he left the country in [\u2026]. He states that he has not received any communications concerning the criminal proceedings against him, either from the [\u2026] or the [\u2026] authorities.<\/p>\n<p>19. According to the Applicant, a red notice needed not have been issued against him \u2013 and, in fact, had no basis to be, as he did not abscond and was not escaping justice. He claims that the investigative authorities in [\u2026] did not take any measures to establish his location, as his permanent place of residence and registered address in [\u2026] was known to them.<\/p>\n<p>20. In support of his claim, he provided decisions issued by the [\u2026] judicial authorities against him; in two of such decisions, dated [\u2026], his address of registration was mentioned.<\/p>\n<p>21. Moreover, the Applicant states that his extradition from [\u2026] is not possible because, pursuant to its Constitution, [\u2026] does not extradite its own nationals. In fact, according to a document from the [\u2026] Prosecutor\u2019s Office of the [\u2026] submitted by the Applicant in support of his claims, the searches concerning him were terminated in [\u2026].<\/p>\n<p>22. The Applicant also submitted a decision issued by the [\u2026] Prosecutor\u2019s Office of the Republic of [\u2026] on [\u2026], in which it is stated that [\u2026] has not presented a request for his extradition to the [\u2026] authorities.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-b\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>b) The NCB of &#091;\u2026&#093; (NCB source of the Data)<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>23. The NCB of [\u2026] a confirmed that the criminal prosecution and searches declared against the Applicant remain valid and in place.<\/p>\n<p>24. The NCB also provided the Commission with extensive details concerning the Applicant\u2019s possible participation in the crimes of which he is accused.<\/p>\n<p>25. Moreover, the NCB stated that the Applicant has not yet been informed of the criminal prosecution against him as he fled [\u2026] in [\u2026] and his concrete whereabouts are unknown. Nevertheless, a lawyer appointed by the Applicant has been following the proceedings and participating in them; this proves, according to the NCB, that the Applicant is informed of the proceedings but has not yet appeared before the [\u2026] authorities.<\/p>\n<p>26. In response to the Applicant\u2019s argument that he cannot be extradited from [\u2026], his country of nationality and of permanent residency, the NCB of [\u2026] claims that alone cannot be grounds for the cancellation of international searches, otherwise a vast majority of requests for cooperation would have to be cancelled.<\/p>\n<p>27. The NCB did not confirm whether a request for the Applicant\u2019s extradition has been presented to the authorities of the [\u2026].<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-c\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>c) The NCB of &#091;\u2026&#093;<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>28. The Commission invited the NCB of [\u2026] to confirm whether the Applicant had been arrested on the basis of the Red Notice, whether [\u2026] authorities had received and processed a request for his extradition to [\u2026], if so, what the current status or outcome of the request had been, and to present any further information they deemed important for the study of the file.<\/p>\n<p>29. Despite reminders, the NCB did not respond to the Commission\u2019s queries.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-a-d\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>d) Findings of the Commission<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>30. The Commission highlighted that the Applicant is the subject of a red notice, whose purpose is, in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-82\" title=\"Article 82 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 82 of the RPD<\/a>, not only to seek the location of a person but also his\/her arrest for the purpose of extradition, surrender, or similar lawful action.<\/p>\n<p>31. The fact that the Applicant\u2019s location is known to [\u2026] authorities does not undermine as such the lawfulness of the Red Notice.<\/p>\n<p>32. The Commission also recalled that INTERPOL\u2019s rules require that the requesting NCB takes appropriate step to achieve the purpose for which the red notice was issued, i.e. to seek the arrest in view of extradition of the individual concerned, or provides reasonable grounds for the lack of action of its country.<\/p>\n<p>33. Concerning the fact that the extradition of the Applicant was not requested despite the fact that his location in [\u2026] was known to [\u2026] authorities, the Commission recalled that it has no impact on the willingness of the authorities of [\u2026] to respect their obligations under applicable laws and to request the extradition or the surrender of the Applicant from [\u2026], if possible. Indeed, the Applicant is a national of [\u2026], where he also resides, which does not extradite its citizens.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"su-spoiler-title ec-fake-spoiler-heading u-indent-1\" id=\"section-v-b\">B. Violations to Human Rights Standards: the Refusal of Transfer of Proceedings<\/h3>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-b-a\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>a) The Applicant<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>34. The Applicant argues that the existence of the Red Notice in his name represented a violation of his right to free movement and amounts to an interference in his private life.<\/p>\n<p>35. He explains that he has requested the proceedings against him be transferred to [\u2026], in application of the [\u2026], of [\u2026], to which both [\u2026] and [\u2026] are parties, and of articles of the Criminal Procedure Code of [\u2026].<\/p>\n<p>36. His request was dismissed by the [\u2026] Prosecutor\u2019s Office of [\u2026] on [\u2026], on the grounds that the transfer of a case to another State is not imperative and must be analysed on a case by case basis. In support of this, the Applicant provided the Commission with a copy of the aforementioned decision.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-b-b\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>b) The NCB of &#091;\u2026&#093; (NCB source of the Data)<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>37. In its reply, the NCB of [\u2026] explained that the Red Notice and the international searches deriving from it fully comply with <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/constitution\/#article-2\" title=\"Article 2 of the Constitution of the ICPO-INTERPOL\">Article 2 of INTERPOL\u2019s Constitution<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/en\/documents\/interpol\/rules-processing-data\/#article-19\" title=\"Article 19 of INTERPOL\u2019s Rules on the Processing of Data\">Article 19 of the RPD<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-b-c\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>c) The NCB of &#091;\u2026&#093;<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>38. As previously stated in paragraphs <a href=\"#section-v-a-c\" title=\"Section V.A.c of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 16 (2018)\">28<\/a> and <a href=\"#section-v-a-c\" title=\"Section V.A.c of INTERPOL\u2019s CCF Decision No. 16 (2018)\">29<\/a>, the NCB of [\u2026] did not answer the Commission\u2019s queries.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus h-toaccordion includetocloseall u-indent-2 su-spoiler-closed\" data-anchor=\"section-v-b-d\" data-scroll-offset=\"50\" data-anchor-in-url=\"yes\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><h4>d) Findings of the Commission<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p>39. Concerning the fact that [\u2026] denied the Applicant\u2019s request relating to the transfer to [\u2026] of the [\u2026] criminal proceedings against the Applicant, the Commission recalled that [\u2026] and [\u2026] are two separate sovereign states and that the refusal of a country to transfer proceedings to another country is not, per se, contrary to applicable rules and international standards.<\/p>\n<p>40. Therefore, the Commission held that the fact that [\u2026] refused to transfer the proceedings to [\u2026] was not contrary to INTERPOL\u2019s rules and to international standards.<\/p>\n<p class=\"u-text-center\">For these reasons, the Commission<\/p>\n<p>Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL\u2019s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script id=\"ec-fake-spoiler-scroll-fix\">\n(function(){\n  if (window.ecFakeSpoilerScrollFixReady) { return; }\n  window.ecFakeSpoilerScrollFixReady = true;\n  function hasClass(node, cls) {\n    if (!node) { return false; }\n    if (!node.classList) { return false; }\n    return node.classList.contains(cls);\n  }\n  function nextSpoiler(fake) {\n    var node = fake.nextElementSibling;\n    while (node) {\n      if (hasClass(node, \"su-spoiler\")) { return node; }\n      node = node.nextElementSibling;\n    }\n    return null;\n  }\n  function spoilerAnchor(spoiler) {\n    if (!spoiler) { return \"\"; }\n    if (spoiler.hasAttribute(\"data-anchor\")) { return spoiler.getAttribute(\"data-anchor\") || \"\"; }\n    if (spoiler.hasAttribute(\"id\")) { return spoiler.getAttribute(\"id\") || \"\"; }\n    return \"\";\n  }\n  function titleFor(spoiler) {\n    if (!spoiler) { return null; }\n    return spoiler.querySelector(\".su-spoiler-title\");\n  }\n  function clickTitle(spoiler) {\n    var title = titleFor(spoiler);\n    if (!title) { return; }\n    title.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent(\"click\", { bubbles: true, cancelable: true, view: window }));\n  }\n  function ensureOpen(spoiler) {\n    if (!spoiler) { return; }\n    if (hasClass(spoiler, \"su-spoiler-closed\")) { clickTitle(spoiler); }\n  }\n  function offsetFor(spoiler) {\n    var value = \"\";\n    if (spoiler) {\n      if (spoiler.hasAttribute(\"data-scroll-offset\")) { value = spoiler.getAttribute(\"data-scroll-offset\") || \"\"; }\n    }\n    var parsed = parseInt(value, 10);\n    if (isNaN(parsed)) { return 50; }\n    return parsed;\n  }\n  function scrollToFake(fake, spoiler) {\n    var y = fake.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - offsetFor(spoiler);\n    window.scrollTo(0, Math.max(0, y));\n  }\n  function handleHash() {\n    var raw = window.location.hash || \"\";\n    if (!raw) { return; }\n    var id = decodeURIComponent(raw.replace(\/^#\/, \"\"));\n    var fake = document.getElementById(id);\n    if (!hasClass(fake, \"ec-fake-spoiler-heading\")) { return; }\n    var spoiler = nextSpoiler(fake);\n    ensureOpen(spoiler);\n    setTimeout(function(){ scrollToFake(fake, spoiler); }, 0);\n  }\n  var headings = document.querySelectorAll(\".ec-fake-spoiler-heading\");\n  var spoilers = document.querySelectorAll(\".su-spoiler\");\n  for (var i = 0; i < headings.length; i += 1) {\n    var heading = headings.item(i);\n    var spoiler = nextSpoiler(heading);\n    spoilerAnchor(spoiler);\n    heading.setAttribute(\"tabindex\", \"0\");\n    heading.addEventListener(\"click\", function(event){\n      event.preventDefault();\n      clickTitle(nextSpoiler(this));\n    });\n    heading.addEventListener(\"keydown\", function(event){\n      if (event.key === \"Enter\") { event.preventDefault(); clickTitle(nextSpoiler(this)); }\n      if (event.key === \" \") { event.preventDefault(); clickTitle(nextSpoiler(this)); }\n    });\n  }\n  window.addEventListener(\"hashchange\", handleHash);\n  if (spoilers.length < 0) { return; }\n  if (document.readyState === \"loading\") {\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", handleHash);\n  } else {\n    handleHash();\n  }\n})();\n<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Tags: Purpose of the notice or data; Lawfulness \/ validity of proceedingsDecision: CompliantData type: Red Notice Decision of the Commission Request concerning [\u2026] (Ref. 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