{"id":234551,"date":"2026-06-23T15:46:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T13:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/%c3%bej%c3%b3nusta\/mde\/undirb%c3%baningur-bei%c3%b0ni-til-mannr%c3%a9ttindad%c3%b3mst%c3%b3ls-evr%c3%b3pu-um-br%c3%a1%c3%b0abirg%c3%b0ar%c3%a1%c3%b0stafanir\/"},"modified":"2026-06-23T19:46:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T17:46:12","slug":"undirb%c3%baningur-bei%c3%b0nar-um-br%c3%a1%c3%b0abirg%c3%b0ar%c3%a1%c3%b0stafanir","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/europeancourt.org\/is\/%c3%bej%c3%b3nusta\/mde\/undirb%c3%baningur-bei%c3%b0nar-um-br%c3%a1%c3%b0abirg%c3%b0ar%c3%a1%c3%b0stafanir\/","title":{"rendered":"Undirb\u00faningur bei\u00f0ni til Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Almennt stofnast skylda r\u00edkis til a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa til r\u00e1\u00f0stafana til a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va brot e\u00f0a koma \u00ed veg fyrir brot ekki fyrr en Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ll Evr\u00f3pu hefur komist a\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u um a\u00f0 mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn hafi veri\u00f0 brotinn e\u00f0a ver\u00f0i brotinn. Regla 39 \u00ed Reglum Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3lsins er undantekning fr\u00e1 \u00feessu. \u00c1 me\u00f0an k\u00e6ra er til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar getur Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn, \u00e1n sl\u00edkrar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u, m\u00e6lt fyrir um a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 sem bei\u00f0nin beinist gegn gr\u00edpi til tiltekinna a\u00f0ger\u00f0a e\u00f0a l\u00e1ti tilteknar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00f3gert, til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir verulegt tj\u00f3n sem fellur undir \u00fer\u00f6nga upptalningu h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an.<\/div>\n
Fyrst og fremst \u00e1 \u00feetta vi\u00f0 \u00feegar r\u00edki\u00f0 sem bei\u00f0nin beinist gegn hefur \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 flytja mann til annars r\u00edkis og \u00fear er raunveruleg h\u00e6tta \u00e1 dau\u00f0a, alvarlegu og \u00f3afturkr\u00e6fu heilsutj\u00f3ni e\u00f0a pyndingum, hvort sem flutningurinn tengist sakam\u00e1li e\u00f0a fullnustu refsingar e\u00f0a ekki. Ef sl\u00edk tengsl eru fyrir hendi b\u00e6tast vi\u00f0 grimmilegar l\u00edkamsrefsingar, \u00e6vilangt fangelsi \u00e1n raunh\u00e6fs m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 lausn e\u00f0a endursko\u00f0un, langvarandi handah\u00f3fskennd frelsissvipting e\u00f0a gr\u00f3f r\u00e9ttarneitun.<\/div>\n
\u00d6nnur tilvik \u00fear sem br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6funum er beitt sn\u00faast n\u00e1nast \u00f6ll um a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir tj\u00f3n \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu r\u00edkinu sem bei\u00f0nin beinist gegn. \u00dear er fyrst og fremst um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a dau\u00f0a, alvarlegt og \u00f3afturkr\u00e6ft heilsutj\u00f3n manns sem er undir raunverulegri stj\u00f3rn r\u00edkisins, me\u00f0al annars vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 honum er ekki veitt vi\u00f0eigandi l\u00e6knishj\u00e1lp, og a\u00f0skilna\u00f0 barns fr\u00e1 n\u00e1komnum einstaklingi. \u00cd einst\u00f6kum m\u00e1lum hafa br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir einnig var\u00f0a\u00f0 upplj\u00f3strun um heimildarmann bla\u00f0amanns, bann vi\u00f0 starfsemi fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0ils sem lei\u00f0ir \u00ed raun til upplausnar ritstj\u00f3rnar, \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur sem gat \u00e1tt yfir h\u00f6f\u00f0i s\u00e9r dau\u00f0arefsingu v\u00e6ri skilinn eftir \u00e1n \u00e1rangursr\u00edkrar varnar \u00ed sakam\u00e1li, og r\u00e1\u00f0stafanir gegn d\u00f3murum sem eru k\u00e6rendur, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al agavi\u00f0url\u00f6g, r\u00e1\u00f0stafanir sem var\u00f0a st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra e\u00f0a starf og a\u00f0rar r\u00e1\u00f0stafanir, \u00feegar d\u00f3mararnir h\u00f6f\u00f0u bori\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r undir Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3l Evr\u00f3pu sem sker\u00f0ingu \u00e1 beitingu d\u00f3msvalds \u00feeirra. A\u00f0 lokum beitir Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6funum til a\u00f0 ry\u00f0ja \u00far vegi hindrunum gegn raunh\u00e6fri beitingu k\u00e6rur\u00e9ttar einstaklinga samkv\u00e6mt 34. gr. og til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 halda \u00e1fram me\u00f0 k\u00e6ru sem \u00feegar hefur veri\u00f0 l\u00f6g\u00f0 fram.<\/div>\n
Fyrir utan \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir eiga a\u00f0eins vi\u00f0 um tj\u00f3n sem fellur undir \u00fer\u00f6nga upptalningu, \u00feurfa fleiri skilyr\u00f0i a\u00f0 vera uppfyllt \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feeim er beitt. \u00cd fyrsta lagi ver\u00f0ur h\u00e6ttan \u00e1 framangreindu tj\u00f3ni a\u00f0 stafa af a\u00f0ger\u00f0um e\u00f0a a\u00f0ger\u00f0aleysi \u00feess r\u00edkis sem bei\u00f0nin beinist gegn. Br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanirnar ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 beinast a\u00f0 \u00feessum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um e\u00f0a \u00feessu a\u00f0ger\u00f0aleysi. Vi\u00f0 flutning manns til annars r\u00edkis getur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 veri\u00f0 anna\u00f0 r\u00edki sem veldur tj\u00f3ninu beint. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi ver\u00f0ur bei\u00f0ni um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir, e\u00f0a k\u00e6ruey\u00f0ubla\u00f0 sem sent var \u00e1\u00f0ur e\u00f0a samhli\u00f0a henni, a\u00f0 fela \u00ed s\u00e9r, a\u00f0 efni til, k\u00e6ruefni um a\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir e\u00f0a a\u00f0ger\u00f0aleysi r\u00edkisins sem bei\u00f0nin beinist gegn brj\u00f3ti gegn r\u00e9ttindum og frelsi sem trygg\u00f0 eru \u00ed 2<\/a>., 3<\/a>., 5<\/a>., 6<\/a>., 8<\/a>., 10<\/a>. e\u00f0a 34<\/a>. gr. mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans. \u00deegar tekin er \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um bei\u00f0nina m\u00e1 \u00feetta k\u00e6ruefni, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al fullyr\u00f0ingin um h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 tj\u00f3ni, hvorki vir\u00f0ast auglj\u00f3slega illa grunda\u00f0 n\u00e9 auglj\u00f3slega \u00f3t\u00e6kt. \u00cd \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi ver\u00f0a br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanirnar a\u00f0 vera eina tilt\u00e6ka lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir sl\u00edkar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir r\u00edkisins sem bei\u00f0nin beinist gegn e\u00f0a \u00e1framhaldandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0aleysi \u00feess.<\/div>\n
Ver\u00f0 fyrir undirb\u00faning bei\u00f0ni um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir r\u00e6\u00f0st af umfangi vinnunnar. Yfirleitt er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 bilinu fr\u00e1 nokkrum hundru\u00f0um evra til nokkurra \u00fe\u00fasunda evra. N\u00e1kv\u00e6mt ver\u00f0 get \u00e9g a\u00f0eins gefi\u00f0 upp eftir a\u00f0 hafa fari\u00f0 yfir skj\u00f6lin.<\/div>\n
\u00deessi \u00fej\u00f3nusta felur \u00ed s\u00e9r undirb\u00faning bei\u00f0ni um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir, en ekki undirb\u00faning k\u00e6ruey\u00f0ubla\u00f0s. \u00cd bei\u00f0ninni ver\u00f0ur meint brot \u00e1 mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum a\u00f0eins sett fram a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed marki sem nau\u00f0synlegt er fyrir \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir. Ef \u00fe\u00fa \u00fearft a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta undirb\u00faa k\u00e6ru til Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu, me\u00f0 e\u00f0a \u00e1n bei\u00f0ni um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir, skaltu velja \u00fej\u00f3nustuna vi\u00f0 undirb\u00faning k\u00e6ru til Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu.<\/div>\n
Eftir a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef fengi\u00f0 skj\u00f6l og uppl\u00fdsingar svara \u00e9g innan 24 klukkustunda. Ef greinilegt er a\u00f0 r\u00f6kstuddar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 leggja fram bei\u00f0ni um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir eru ekki fyrir hendi, segi \u00e9g a\u00f0eins fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed. Ef sl\u00edkar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur eru fyrir hendi, gef \u00e9g upp ver\u00f0 fyrir undirb\u00faning bei\u00f0ninnar, bi\u00f0 eftir atvikum um \u00feau skj\u00f6l sem vantar og sendi samning. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a fyrir \u00fej\u00f3nustuna me\u00f0 millif\u00e6rslu \u00e1 bankareikning minn \u00ed Sviss e\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum grei\u00f0slulei\u00f0um, eftir \u00fev\u00ed fr\u00e1 hva\u00f0a landi grei\u00f0slan kemur.<\/div>\n
Eftir a\u00f0 grei\u00f0sla og \u00f6ll nau\u00f0synleg g\u00f6gn hafa borist undirb\u00fd \u00e9g bei\u00f0nina innan \u00feess frests sem tilgreindur er \u00ed samningnum. Fresturinn r\u00e6\u00f0st af atvikum m\u00e1lsins og \u00fev\u00ed hversu br\u00fdnt \u00fea\u00f0 er. \u00cd mj\u00f6g br\u00fdnum tilvikum er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa bei\u00f0nina innan 24 klukkustunda.<\/div>\n
A\u00f0 vinnu lokinni f\u00e6r\u00f0u \u00ed t\u00f6lvup\u00f3sti bei\u00f0ni um br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir, fylgiskj\u00f6l vi\u00f0 hana og sk\u00fdringar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig senda \u00e1 skj\u00f6lin til Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu.<\/div>\n
\u00deessi \u00fej\u00f3nusta hentar \u00fe\u00e9r greinilega ekki ef \u00fe\u00fa getur hiklaust teki\u00f0 undir einhverja af eftirfarandi fullyr\u00f0ingum:<\/div>\n
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